protocol

Layer-0

Definition

The foundational infrastructure layer that sits beneath Layer-1 execution chains, providing shared security, interoperability, and cross-chain communication.

Last updated: April 2026Reviewed by: Autheo Technical Team

Layer-0 is the foundational infrastructure layer that sits beneath Layer-1 execution chains. It provides shared security, interoperability, and cross-chain communication that connects multiple chains or subsystems into a unified network. While Layer-1 blockchains like Ethereum and Solana handle transaction execution and consensus directly, Layer-0 operates at a deeper level, coordinating how multiple chains interact and share resources. Examples of Layer-0 approaches include Polkadot (relay chain model), Cosmos (IBC protocol), and Autheo (integrated operating system model). Autheo approach differs by providing a full infrastructure stack (identity, compute, storage, developer tools, AI) at the Layer-0 level rather than focusing primarily on chain interoperability.

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